Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)/percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are commonly used minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. However, due to the elderly patients, many complications of various systems, and the need for prone position for surgery, it is difficult to manage anesthesia and choose anesthesia methods. Literature has shown that general anesthesia (GA), local infiltration anesthesia (LIA), spinal anesthesia, erector spinae plane block (ESPB), etc. can be used for PVP/PKP. This article reviews the current status, advantages and disadvantages of anesthesia methods of PVP/PKP based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), in order to provide a reference for selecting the most appropriate anesthesia method of PVP/PKP, and to provide support for rapid recovery of such patients from the perspective of anesthesia.