【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of the hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Methods Thirty KM mice were divided into three groups（10 in each group） randomly: hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch 40 sodium chloride group (group HSH), hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group (group HES), control group (group control). At onset of ischemic insult, different agents were injected via the tail vein instantly. Mice in group HSH received 4ml/kg of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch 40 sodium chloride injection. Mice in group HES received 4ml/kg of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection, Mice in group control received 4ml/kg of 0.9% saline injection. Neurological behavioral testing was performed at 12, 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. TTC staining was performed at 24 h after ischemia, and the percentage of infarction area was calculated. Toluidine blue staining was performed at 72h after ischemia and surviving neurons in the penumbra were counted. Results There were no difference in neurological scoring, percentage of infarct areas and density of surviving neurons in the penumbra among three groups, respectively. Conclusion Hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch 40 sodium chloride injection has no effect on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.