Background　Autophagy is a degradative process that cells dispose of cytosolic proteins and organelles, then enter into vacuole, fuse with lysosomes and form autolysosomes for degradation. Neuropathic pain is a direct consequence of an injury or disease affecting the somatosensory system, which can be caused by injury or disease to peripheral or central nervous system. It plays an important role in neuropathic pain.　Objective　The role of autophagy in neuropathic pain was reviewed.　Content　The effects of activation or inhibition of autophagy on neuropathic pain, the mechanisms of autophagy mediated neuropathic pain and the effects of neuropathic pain on autophagy.　Trend　Autophagy may provide theoretical foundation for the treatment of neuropathic pain.