Background　The choice of anesthetic agents and anesthesia techniques have different effects on the outcome and longterm prognosis after surgery. This issue has become a focus of perioperative research in recent years.　Objective　Research progresses of general anesthesia (GA) and regional anesthesia (RA) on the prognosis of patients with certain surgeries were reviewed.　Content　Patients who received knee or hip joint surgery, cancer-related surgery, carotid surgery and cardiovascular surgery were evaluated, the relationship between the postoperative hospital stay, mortality, other complications and anesthesia technique were discussed.　Trend　A comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the relationship between GA and RA on the prognosis of patients with certain surgeries will help to optimize the choice of anesthetic agents and anesthesia techniques and improve the patient's long-term prognosis.