Arterial cannulation is a basic skill for anesthesiologists to monitor perioperative hemodynamic changes in a real-time manner. Pediatric arteries are thin and difficult to cannulate. The radial artery is the most common site for arterial cannulation. However, parts of the operations need to monitor the blood pressure of the lower extremities. The posterior tibial artery, the dorsalis pedis artery or the femoral artery can be selected for this purpose. This paper reviewed the anatomical basis of arterial cannulation in the lower extremities, the advantages of ultrasound guidance, the puncture methods of the lower extremity arteries, including short‑axis out‑of‑plane techniques, long‑axis in‑plane techniques, and the corresponding modified methods, and the complications of arterial cannulation in the lower extremities. Meanwhile, the authors proposed new ideas for arterial cannulation in the lower extremities.