Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication after tracheal intubation in children under general anesthesia, which may affect the postoperative recovery of children, prolong the length of hospitalization stay, and increase the economic burden of families. Based on recent studies, this article reviews the assessment methods, influencing factors and preventive measures of POST in children, in order to provide anesthesiologists with reference for diagnosing and preventing POST in children during the perioperative period to reduce postoperative complications and improve the prognosis for children. Currently, there are still few studies concerning the pharmacological prevention and treatment of POST in children. So large‑sample multicenter studies are needed in the future to provide more preventive strategies for POST.