Capsaicin，the active substance extracted from red pepper，exerts both algesic and analgesic effects besides its action on cardiovascular system and respiratory system and so forth. Some capsaicin derivations，as well as chemicals of similar structure，have been demonstrated similar or even stronger analgesic effects with less pungent irritation in vitro and in vivo experiments. This paper introduces the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced algesia and analgesia，the application in pain management. Some capsaicin derivations，as well as chemicals of similar structure，have been developed and use in vitro and in vivo experiments，in which they demonstrated similaror even stronger analgesia effects with little pungent.