As one of the major membrane receptors which related to pain and analgesia，TRPV1 has been demonstrated to play an important role in mediating inflammatory pain，visceral pain and other forms of allodynia. Massive progress has been achieved on its pathophysiological characteristics as well as modulating mechanism in pain transmission. Drugs derived from TRPV1 like capsaicin and some antagonists are also under investigation. Recently，the appropriate application of novel techniques such as RNA interference in developing better treatment of pain when associated with TRPV1 has yet broadened our eyesight.