Intraoperative awareness during general anesthesia is one of the most serious stressors which can lead to the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical observations demonstrate that patients’ PTSD may develop and present commonly and persistently after intraoperative awareness. PTSD may induce severe psychological symptoms and long-term consequences. More and more attentions have been paid by the medical care and society. This review is set to introduce the progresses and developments in the clinical features, risk factors, and treatments of PTSD relating to intraoperative awareness.