Perioperaive stress response in children can be caused by Psychological factors such as stress and anxiety, anesthesia and surgical procedures. It is characterized by neurohumoral, immunologic and metabolic alterations. The intensity of stress response is closely related with the perioperative complications. This review outlines the Biological characteristics of perioperaive stress response, the effects of psychological state, commonly used anesthetic techniques and anesthetics on perioperaive stress response in children .