【Abstract】Objective To observe the effect of glutamine on blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Forty-seven healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into Control group（n=10), Glutamine group(n=10), Type 2 Diabetes group(n=13) and Glutamine and Type 2 Diabetes group(n=15). After set up of the Type 2 Diabetes rat models successfully, Glutamine was continued orally (1g.kg-1.d-1) for three weeks. FBG and FNS were measured at the end of Week 1st, 6th and 9th, respectively. Then HOMA-IR was calculated based on FBG and FNS. At the end of week 9th, mRNA and protein expression of GLUT4 were measured by RT-PCR and WB, respectively. Results At the end of the sixth week, FBG was significantly increased to (16.7±3.5)mmol/L and (15.9±4.8)mmol/L in DM and DM+Gln groups, and there is no difference between these two groups. However, compared with C group (5.9±1.4)mmol/L and Gln group (5.9±0.9)mmol/L, FBG was highly raised in DM and DM+Gln groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, FNS was significantly increased to( 4.1±0.5)and (4.0±0.6) in DM and DM+Gln groups, compared with C group (3.4±0.3) and Gln group (3.3±0.4), FBG was highly raised in DM and DM+Gln groups(p<0.05). At the end of ninth week, FBG in DM group (24.5±11.8)mmol/L was significantly higher than that in DM+Gln (15.2±9.6)mmol/L, HOMA-IR in DM group (3.7±0.4)was significantly higher than that in DM+Gln group (3.0±0.6)（P<0.05）, Meanwhile, HOMA-IR in C group（3.3±0.4）and Gln group（3.2±0.5）were significantly lower than that in DM group (P<0.05). There were no significant different in mRNA and protein of GLUT4 among four groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Continually oral of glutamine can stabilize the blood glucose and enhance insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetes rats, which is able to help control blood glucose levels. But this activity is not associated with mRNA and protein translocation of GLUT4.