Background Cyclophilins are a group of proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Emerging evidences show that cyclophilins play an important role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Objective To review the current knowledge about the implications of cyclophilins in the mechanisms of ischemia reperfusion injury. Content we briefly describe the molecular structures and biological functions of cyclophilins，and emphatically represent the potential role of cyclophilin A in the process of ischemia reperfusion induced acute inflammation reaction. Tend No immunosuppressive agents targeting cyclophilins may have a therapeutic potential for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.