国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2011, Issue (6): 14-14
    
压力图像与回流液相双指征法辅助硬膜外麻醉的准确性与可行性
龚玉华, 石海霞, 武丽芳, 拉布旦白拉, 陈冬梅, 钟海燕, 李利彪1()
1.内蒙古医学院附属医院
Indications of pressure dynamic graph and liquid reflow guide epidural anesthesia
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摘要:

目的 探讨压力图像与回流液相双指征法辅助硬膜外麻醉定位与监测的准确性与可行性。方法 择期硬膜外麻醉患者1200例,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,年龄、体重、性别不限。根据硬膜外穿刺节段分为6组(n=200):颈组(C4-5/C5-6/C6-7, C组),胸Ⅰ组(T3-4/T4-5, T1组),胸Ⅱ组(T8-9/T9-10, T2组),胸Ⅲ组 (T10-11/T11-12, T3组),腰Ⅰ组 (T12-L1/L1-2, L1组),腰Ⅱ组(L2-3/L3-4, L2组)。所有患者均采用直入法进针,固定至脊上韧带后,退出针芯,穿刺针经三通与ICP传感器连接,进针的同时观察不同层次压力数值与图像变化,当图像显示直线返折,既而曲线波形出现且数值形成落差时,经三通注入3ml气泡盐水无压缩,即可确认进入硬膜外腔,头向置管15cm,退针后留管3cm,固定导管平卧,导管末端连接装有盐水的玻璃注射器。。全程根据压力动态图像显示导管在硬膜外腔,观察回流液性状(-清;+微红;++显红;+++深红;++++血性)5min,回流液性状为(+++)以下,给予试验量、维持量完成手术。观察记录麻醉全程回流液性状。记录到达黄韧带(T0)、硬膜外腔 (T1)、注药动态平衡后(T2)的压力值。观察并记录分次注药后压力图像变化及阻滞效果,各类不良反应。结果 突破黄韧带前,压力数值呈急剧上升像,进针至黄韧带,压力波形为直线。突破黄韧带进入硬膜外腔,压力图像呈特异性直线返折,继而出现正弦波形,压力数值明显降低。与T0比较,各组T1、T2均有降低(P<0.05)。与T1比较,各组T2均升高(P<0.05)。术中所有患者均未出现神经、脊髓损伤。结论 压力图像与回流液相双指征法辅助硬膜外麻醉准确可靠,简便易行,可常规用于各年龄组、各节段硬膜外麻醉。

关键词: 硬膜外腔;图像,压力; 液相,回流;监测
Abstract:

Objective To observe epidural pressure dynamic graph and liquid reflow as an indication to direct epidural anesthesia. Meanwhile, study its reliability, accuracy. Methods 1200 patients undergone epidural anesthesia were enrolled. According to epidural puncture segment, they were divided into 6 groups(n=200, each): Cervical Group (C4-5/C5-6/C6-7, Group C), Thoracic GroupⅠ(T3-4/T4-5, Group T1), Thoracic GroupⅡ(T8-9/T9-10, Group T2), Thoracic GroupⅢ(T10-11/T11-12, Group T3), Lumbar GroupⅠ(T12-L1/L1-2, Group L1), Lumbar GroupⅡ(L2-3/L3-4, Group L2). Epidural anesthesia equipments include: transducer, 3-way stopcock. Continuously recorded the pressure graph. All patients were punctured by normal beam testing. The puncture needle was fixed to supraspinous ligament; a 3-way stopcock was connected to the end of the epidural needle and the transducer. Needling slowly, meanwhile observe the pressure graph, decreased (breakthrough sensation appeared or not), pressure graph appeared curved waveform, draw 3ml saline with syringe through 3-way stopcock, no bubble compress can testify the success. Insert the epidural tube to 15cm, then according to the graph, left 3cm deep in epidural space, and fixed the tube. Epidural tube and physic liquid reflow scope were connected by the 3-way stopcock. Observe the character of reflow liquid (-clear, +week red, ++obviously red, +++deep red, ++++redness) and pressure graph for 5minutes. There were no indications of abnormal, infused the different concentration and dose of drug as normal. Continuously observe the character of reflow liquid, pressure graph, anesthesia effect and complications. Results 1.Pressure graph character: before breakthrough the ligament flavum, pressure numerical values suddenly increased(zoomed to 82.00±25.61mmHg), When punctured into ligament flavum, a sudden drop in the pressure readings to 6.51±11.59mmHg, specific graph linearly retray 100%. Epidural space pressure compared with ligament flavum pressure, which was obviously decreased (P<0.05). There were no complications in the study. Conclusion Epidural pressure dynamic graph and liquid reflow as an indication to direct epidural anesthesia, is reliable and accurate. It is facilitated in every epidural scope and every age in security and validity, avoid and prevent complications effectively, generalize epidural anesthesia application.

Key words: Epidural space; graph, dynamic pressure; Liquid, reflow; Monitor