Background The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) has been increasing. More and more recent studies on POCD indicate that stellate ganglion block (SGB) is important for the treatment of POCD. Objective To provide a potential theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of POCD by SGB in clinic. Content SGB is a widely used block technique in clinic. In addition to its therapeutic effects on pain related diseases, SCG can also be used for the treatment of non-pain related diseases, such as, neuropathic diseases，endocrine diseases，immune disorders, etc, and the therapeutic effects are quite promising. SCG also plays a significant role in the treatment of POCD. And it has obtained a quite remarkable curative effect，Studies have found that it has an important role in POCD. Trend The etiology and pathogenesis of POCD remain to be elucidated, but the prevention and treatment of POCD in elderly patients by SCG will open a broad research field.