Background Septic encephalopathy is a common complication in sepsis patients. It significantly increases the mortality of the septic patients. As yet, there is no specific treatment and definite diagnosis for SAE. Objective To strengthen the understanding of septic encephalopathy, especially the pathophysiology mechanism, and provide the theory basis for finding specific treatment and diagnosis methods. Content No definite diagnostic standard has been set for septic encephalopathy so far. Its pathology and pathophysiology mechanisms are various but uncertain. Whether the septic encephalopathy can be reversed mainly depends on the treatment of septic itself. This review systematically elaborates septic encephalopathy from the aspects of clinical symptoms, lab examination, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Trend In recent years, septic encephalopathy has aroused general concerns and gradually deeper understanding . Hence, a specific and effective diagnosis and treatment method will be found in the future.