【Abstract】Background Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic, is often used in the prevention of injection pain induced by rocuronium. The possible mechanisms are that lidocaine can block the peripheral nerve cell membrane voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibit influx of sodium, and have membrane stabilizing action. Objective This paper intends to review the progress of lidocaine in the prevention of injection pain caused by rocuronium. Content From the mechanism of action and the comparison with other drugs, we reviewed the effects of lidocaine in the prevention of rocuronium-induced injection pain. Trend As one of the classic local anesthetics, the clinical application of lidocaine is quite promising in anesthesia.