Objective To investigate the effects of non-pneumoperitoneum laparoscopy cholecystectomy on respiratory and circulation system and complication postoperation.Methods Sixty patients with ASAⅠ-Ⅱ, scheduled for selective laparoscopy cholecystectomy were randomly divided into A and B with 30 cases each, Group A is non-pneumoperitoneum group, Group B is pneumoperitoneum group. After induction of anesthesia, ventilation was performed with tidal VT10ml/kg, respiratory rate(RR)12 breaths per minute(BPM), ratio of inspiratory to expiratory (I:E)was 1:2. The time of 10 minutes after entering operation room as T0, The time of operation begining as T1, The time of 15 minutes after starting operation as T2 in group A , The time of 15 minutes after making Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum as T2 in group B, The time of 5 minutes after taking out of gallbladder or relieve pneumoperitoneum as T3. To collect blood for laboratory examination at T0、T1、T2 、T3 respectively, and record vital sign. Results Group B compaired to group A have lower PaO2 , have higher end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide、systolic blood pressure、diastolic blood pressure、mean arterial blood pressure、peak pressure of airway. The incidence of shoulder soreness and cut pain was lower in group A. The recover of bowel tones was faster in group A. Conclusion Non-pneumoperitoneum laparoscopy cholecystectomy compaired to pneumoperitoneum laparoscopy cholecystectomy circulation may be maintained steady, and is advantage to oxygenation, The recover of gastrointestinal tract functions was faster.