Background　Although fentanyl is used widely in clinical anesthesia because of its good cardiovascular stability， fentanyl-induced cough can result in adverse effects on patients. There are many effective methods that have been used to reduce incidence of fentanyl-induced cough.　Objective　The purpose of this paper is to summarize the relative issues of fentanyl-induced cough in available literatures.　Content　This paper reviews the mechanisms， influential factors and treatment methods of fentanyl-induced cough.　Trend　Many effective methods have been successfully applied to reduce the incidence of fentanyl-induced cough.