Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) are the most widely studied class of endogenous non-protein-coding small RNA molecules, length l6-29 nucleotides that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Extensive studies have proved that there are different levels of expression of miRNAs in different neuropathic pain model. miRNAs may be involved in gene regulation mechanisms of chronic pain and acute noxious stimulation of nociceptive processes, miRNAs regulation of several pain-related transcript expression. Objective The study of role of miRNAs in pathological pain will help us to understand generation and maintenance molecular mechanisms of pathological pain clearer. miRNAs may be a new direction for the treatment of pain. Content This article introduces the expression of miRNAs in inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain models, and pain-related diseases, as well as the possible role of miRNAs in chronic pathological pain. Trend View of the importment role of miRNAs in the pathological pain, miRNAs will be novel biomarkers for the treatment of painful diseases, and potential drug therapeutic targets.