国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2013, Issue (4): 5-5
    
右美托咪定和可乐定硬膜外给药对硬膜外罗哌卡因麻醉效果的影响
裘学, 张兆平, 房宁宁, 顾美蓉, 姚敏, 孙国华1()
1.无锡市人民医院麻醉科
The influence of epidural dexmedetomidine and clonidine on ropivacaine epidural anesthesia
 全文:
摘要:

摘要 目的 本研究目的是比较两种α-2肾上腺素激动药右美托咪定和可乐定在硬膜外麻醉时镇静、围术期满意度和强化镇痛效果。方法 全组75例病人ASA I 或 II级,年龄55~65岁,拟行阴式子宫切除术。随机分为RD—组硬膜外给予0.75%罗匹卡因15ml含100μg右美托咪定(右咪)、RC—组硬膜外给予0.75%罗匹卡因15ml含100 μg可乐定和C—组硬膜外给予0.75%罗匹卡因15ml含生理盐水(空白对照)。结果RD—组麻醉平面到目的 比较右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine, Dex)和可乐定硬膜外给药对罗哌卡因阻滞效果的影响。 方法 全组75例患者美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级 I 或 II级,年龄55岁~65岁,拟行阴式子宫切除术。按随机数字表法分为硬膜外给予0.75%罗哌卡因15 ml含100 μg Dex组(RD组)、硬膜外给予0.75%罗哌卡因15 ml含100 μg可乐定组(RC组)和硬膜外给予0.75%罗哌卡因15 ml含生理盐水组(C组)。 结果 RD组麻醉平面到达T10起效时间[(8.5±2.4) min]短于RC组和C组[(10.4±3.4) min和(12.7±4.3) min],RD组在较短的时间内[(13±4) min]达到最高阻滞平面,明显短于RC组和C组[(15±4) min和(18±4) min];RD组完全运动阻滞时间[(18±5) min]短于RC组和C组[(21±4) min和(24±4) min;(P<0.05和 P<0.01)]。RD组术后24 h曲马多用量[(87±17) mg]也显著少于RC组和C组[(101±21) mg和(146±19) mg;(P<0.01)]。RD组和RC组寒战发生率明显低于C组(P<0.01),未发现1例呼吸抑制。 结论 硬膜外给予Dex可增强罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞效果,与可乐定比较麻醉起效快、围术期呼吸循环稳定,减少术后镇痛药的应用。

关键词: 右美托咪定; 可乐定; 硬膜外麻醉; 罗匹卡因
Abstract:

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural dexmedetomidine(Dex) and clonidine on ropivacaine epidural anesthesia. Methods Seventy-five patients ASA I or II, aged 55 y-65 y, scheduled for elective vaginal hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine were randomly allocated into three groups: patients in group RD were administered 15 ml of 0.75% epidural ropivacaine and 100 μg of Dex, while group RC received admixture of 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and 100 μg of clonidine, and group C received 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and saline. Results The patient in group RD exhibited an earlier onset of sensory analgesia at T10 [(8.5±2.4) min] as compared to group RC and group C[(10.4±3.4) min and(12.7±4.3) min]. Dex not only provided a higher dermatomal spread but also helped in achieving the maximum sensory anaesthetic level in a shorter period [(13±4) min compared to clonidine (15±4) min and (18±4) min]. Bromage scale 3 was achieved earlier in group RD [(18±5) min] than in group RC and group C [(21±4) min and(24±4) min, P<0.05]. Less tramadol consumed in group RD[(87±17) mg ] than that in group RC and in group C[(101±21) min and(146±19) mg, P<0.01] for post-operative analgesia of 24 h(P<0.05). Sedation scores in group RD and group RC were better than in group C(P<0.05). The incidence of shivering was lower in group RD and group RC than that in group C(P<0.05). Respiratory depression was not observed in each group. Conclusions Epidural Dex may reinforce the effect of epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine and analgesia. Dex is a better neuraxial adjuvant compared to clonidine for providing early onset of sensory analgesia, stable cardio-respiratory parameters and a prolonged post-operative analgesia.

Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Clonidine; Epidural anaesthesia; Ropivacaine;