【Abstract】Background Nowadays there are various preoperative blood conservation strategies, for example blood transfusion , induced hypotension, rational use of drugs, blood substitutes and temperature protection. Blood transfusion and volume replacement therapy are the basic measures. Objective To discuss the latest progress on blood transfusion and volume replacement therapy. Content This article will review the blood transfusion, crystalloid therapy, and colloid therapy. Furthermore, we will make a comparison among all these methods. Trend Transfusion in the clinical practice is still not ideal. There is still no evidence to prove that crystalloid and colloid can be widely and safely used in a variety of patients during the operations. Thus we still have a lot of work to do in this area.