Background Sevoflurane preconditioning can protect myocardium from ischemia/ reperfusion injury. Recent studies has been indicated that several mechanisms were involved in the cardioprotection with sevoflurane preconditioning. Objective To review the cardioprotective mechanisms of sevoflurane preconditioning. Content This paper demonstrates the cardioprotective mechanisms of sevoflurane preconditioning from several aspects，such as the opening of mitochondria ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP)，the activation of adenosine receptor，activating protein kianse C（PKC），the apoptosis of myocardial cell and reactive oxygen species（ROS）. Trend To study the cardioprotective mechanisms of sevoflurane preconditioning can offer an experimental basis for the cardioprotection for the patients during perioperation，thus to improve their clinical outcome and survival rate.