[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effects of endobronchial blocker in the application of vedio-assisted thoracoscope surgery. Methods 100 patients undergoing vedio-assisted thoracoscope surgery(VATS) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=50 each): endobronchial blocker group(group E) and double-lumen tube （DLT）group(group D). The intubation and positioning time, pulmonary collapse time, the frequence of DLT or bronchial blockage’s shifting, effects of one-lung ventilation, airway pressure and impairments of lower respiratory tract were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in positioning time and effects of one-lung ventilation between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the time of pulmonary collapse between group E and D, respectively （8.5±3.5）and （4.5±2.9）min, P<0.05. The frequence of tube cuff shifting in group E was significantly higher than that in group D, respectively 23 and 5, P<0.05. However, the airway pressure of one lung ventilation(OLV) in group D was higher than that in group E, respectively （25.9±3.6）and (21.8±3.3)cmH2O（1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa）, P<0.05. The moderate to severe damage of lower respiratory tract in group D were more serious than those in group E, respectively 25 and 12, (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with DLT, Endobronchial blocker need longer time of pulmonary collapse and its tube cuff is easy to shift. While EBB can apply for one-lung ventilation safely and successfully with less impairments of lower respiratory tract. So using of EBB is a good method of one-lung ventilation in VATS.