Objective To observe the changes of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β concentration in plasma of the bilateral carotid moderate stenosis rabbits following hypotension induced by different interventions, and to explore the injury effect of perioperative hypotension on carotid stenosis rabbit brain. Method Choose the adult rabbit to establish bilateral carotid moderate stenosis rabbit model.The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. in addition to the control group, the other three groups rabbits all decreased blood pressure by 20%-30% induced by bloodletting, nitroglycerin and propofol , and maintain for 20 min, than restore blood pressure, Took blood samples, after blood pressure restoration 7.5, 24 h respectively and measured NSE and S100β protein in serum, then compared with the extent of brain damage. Results Compared with the blood samples of the control group, NSE and S-100β values in each observation time point all increased in three hypotension groups, and there wree significant difference (P <0.05). NSE and S100β values were (1 486.51 ± 19.22) μg / L and (592.13 ± 10.09) μg / L respectively in propofol group after decreasing blood pressure 7.5 h , NSE protein expression index increased a little than the bloodletting group, nitroglycerin group at each time point, there were significant difference among these groups (P<0.05). S100β protein expression was decreased when compared with the other two experimental groups at 7.5 h, and there was, significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions For the moderate bilateral carotid stenosis rabbit model, the expressions of NSE and S100β protein are both increased when blood pressure is reduced by 20%-30% induced by bloodletting, nitroglycerin and narcotic drugs. The increase degree in propofol group is relatively light, which may be related to the cerebral protective effects of propofol.