国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2013, Issue (10): 2-2
    
声门上气道装置在困难气道处理中的应用及相关问题
薛富善, 程怡, 李瑞萍, 孙海涛1()
1.中国医学科学院整形外科医院
Use of supraglottic airway devices in difficult airway management and its related problems
 全文:
摘要:

背景 声门上气道装置(supraglottic airway devices, SAD)在困难气道患者的处理中发挥着重要作用,并且许多气道管理指南推荐应用SAD处理发生在手术室和院前的困难气道。 目的 介绍SAD在困难气道处理不同方面的应用情况及其存在的可能问题。 内容 包括SAD的分类、SAD在困难气道处理中的作用、困难气道处理时采用SAD进行通气管理或通过SAD实施气管插管、SAD在院前困难气道处理中的应用、SAD在困难气道处理中应用的相关问题等。 趋势 目前的主要问题是大多数的SAD研究是人体模型研究,仅有少数随机对照临床研究在困难气道患者比较了SAD的应用情况。由于最安全的数据是来自于广泛地临床应用,因此认为在困难气道处理中SAD有效和安全的断言必须慎重解释。

关键词: 声门上气道装置; 困难气道处理; 临床证据; 患者安全
Abstract:

Background Supraglottic airway devices(SAD) play an important role in the management of patients with difficult airways. Furthermore, use of SAD for difficult airway management is widely recommended in many guidelines for the operating room and in the pre-hospital setting. Objective Aims of this review are to induce use of SAD in various aspects of difficult airway management and possible problems related to their use. Contents This article mainly reviews SAD classification, performance of SAD in difficult airway management, ventilation or intubation via a SAD in difficult airway management, use of SAD for difficult airway management in the pre-hospital setting and possible problems related to their use in various aspects of difficult airway management, etc. Trend The problem nowadays is that most studies regarding the SAD only are manikin-based studies. There are few randomized controlled trials comparing different SAD in patients with difficult airways. Because most safety data come from extensive use in clinical practice, claims of efficacy and particularly safety regarding use of SAD in difficult airway management must be interpreted cautiously.

Key words: supraglottic airway devices; difficult airway management; Clinical evidence; Patient safety