Objective To observe the effects of lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion and explore its possible mechanism. Methods eighty adult SD rats were randomized to 4 groups: sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, ischemic postconditioning (IPC) group and lidocaine postconditioning group. The pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion modelwas established by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min and the reperfusion was taken by removing the clamp for 2 h. At the moment of reperfusion, lidocaine 4 mg/kg was injected as ap riming dose following a continuous rate of 4 mg/(kg•h).Observed the changes of histopathological and detect SP-A of BALF, SP-A mRNA of lung tissue and SP-A concentrations. Results Compared with I/R group, lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion pulmonary edema and leukocyte exudation was significantly reduced. Reperfusion after lidocaine treatment group and the treated group after ischemia in BALF SP-A,lung tissue SP-A mRNA and SP-A concentration was significantly higher than I / R group. There were significant differences (P<0.05); Compared with IPC group, the concentration of SP-A in BALF、SP-A mRNA in lung tissue and SP-A in lidocaine postconditioning group are significantly higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Lidocaine postconditioning exerts a protective effect on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury administered in the beginning of reperfusion. The effect may lay on increasing expression of SP-A, secretion, reduce pulmonary edema and it is better tnan IPC.