Objective To compare dosage and effect of postoperative analgesia between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities after spinal surgery. Methods Ninty-four ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients(47 Uygur nationality, 47 Han nationality) undergoing posterior laminectomy, discectomy interbody pedicle fixation operation under general anesthesia were divided into two groups. The patients in both groups received Fentanyl PCIA after surgery. Visual analog scale(VAS)score ,Ramsay sedation scale score, the vital signs at 6,12, 24 and 48 h after operation and The total consumption of fentanil, the total number and the valid number of pressing PCA pump, the adverse effects at 48h after operation were recorded and compared. Results There were no differences in the MAP, SpO2, Ramsay score and VAS scores at time points of patients between two groups(P＞0.05) .The total consumption of fentanil(ug), the total number and the valid number of pressing PCA pump(times)in group U were 21.78士6.77、13.17士2.98、1203.21士217.32 were significantly higher than those of group H.and they were 12.52士3.17、7.89士2.62、792.72士138.45. Compared with group H(15%), the occurrence rate of PONV in group U（27%）were significantly higher(P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant difference in the total consumption of fentanil between Uygur and Han nationalities．The influence of nationality on recommended dosage of fentanil should be considered．