Background Pediatric laryngeal diseases have complex etiology, and they are usually with varying degrees of laryngeal obstruction. The perioperative anesthesia management is complex. Purpose We make a review on the perioperative anesthesia management of pediatric laryngeal diseases by consulting many studies. Content This paper reviews on the etiology, surgical method, anesthetic method and ventilation mode of pediatric laryngeal diseases. Tendency We chose different anesthetic method and ventilation mode for different etiology and surgical method clinically, ensuring the safety of pediatric patients.