Background Chronic pain is one of the major public health problem, millions of people in the world surfer from chronic pain. The mechanism of chronic pain still remains unclear. Neuroimmunity means: through the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators and interactions with neurotransmitters and their receptors, the immune cells, glia and neurons form an integrated network that coordinates immune responses and modulates the excitability of pain pathways. Recently, more and more studies demonstrate that the neuroimmunity plays a major role in the development and maintaince of chronic pain. Objective Here, we briefly review the interaction of neuroimmunity and chronic pain. Content The mechanism and the effects on chronic pain of neuroimmunity. Trend The neuroimmunity promotes the formation of peripheral and central sensitization of chronic pain. This offers a possibility of new therapeutic opportunities for managing chronic pain.