Background MicroRNA is an important regulatory factor that can regulate approximately 30% human protein-coding genes.The level of miRNA will be changed after the tissue under hypoxia,and the most significant change is of miR-210. Objective Here, we discuss the emerging biochemical functions of this miRNA and anticipate potential clinical applications. Content Outline the role of miR-210 on mitochondrial respiration, arrest of DNA repair, vascularbiology and angiogenesis. Trend Find novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for many disorders,such as tumor.