Objective: To explore the contribution of interleukin-1 beta in the surrounding tissue in postoperative hyperalgesia in incisional rats with nicotine withdrawal. Methods: 96 SD rats were randomly divided into Naïve group(n=6), NT group, IP group and NT+IP group. The rats in NT group, IP group and NT+IP group were divided into 5 sub-groups by preoperative 2h, postoperative2h, 24h, 48h and 72h, six in each sub-group. MWT and TWL were determined at time point above for every rats, and hind paw edema were observed respectively. And then measure the levels of IL-1β in the surrounding incision tissue by Elisa. Results: Compared with IP Group, foot plantar MWT and TWL in NT+IP group significantly reduced at postoperative 2h, 24h, 48h and 72h (P<0.05), and was the most significant at postoperative 48h (P<0.01). Compare with IP group for each time point, IL-1β level in NT+IP group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Within NT+IP group, compared with preoperative 2h, the IL-1β level at all the time points significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Nicotine withdrawal may cause postoperative hyperalgesia and hind paw edema in incisional rats. IL-1β were involved in postoperative hyperalgesia in incsional rats with nicotine abstinence.