Background　Labor pain is one of the most severe pains that a woman encounters during her life time. And it produces a series of adverse effects on both mother and child. Neuraxial labor analgesia is the most commonly used method of labor analgesia.　Objective　To review the effects of neuraxial labor analgesia on children.　Content　Neuraxial analgesia improved the neonatal status （including higher Apgar score， ameliorated acid-base balance）， which might be favorable for children's long-term neurodevelopment. The later effect， however， deserves further confirmation. Neuraxial analgesia increased the occurrence of maternal fever during delivery which might have adverse effects on the newborn. However， it did not increase the rate of neonatal infection. Current evidence had not find that drugs used during labor analgesia has any negative effects on children's brain development. Furthermore， studies had not find that cesarean section improved children's mental development， nor that instrumental delivery produced children's long-term neurodevelopmental retardation.　Trend　Current results have not find that neuraxial labor analgesia has adverse impacts on children. Further studies are needed to illuminate this problem.