Backgrond　Acute lung injury（ALI） is a commom severe acute disease with a high death rate. which is caused by various factors and developing rapidly.　Objective　The review discussed the mitochondrial dynamics changes and its influenced factors in acute lung injury.　Content　The increased fission and reduced fussion of mitochondria induce mitochondrial fragment and disfunction in acute lung injury. Those changes of mitochondrial dynamics are related to excessive release of reactive oxygen species（ROS）， inflammatory factor and apoptosis etc.　Trend　With the development of the research on mitochondrial dynamics changes， new idea will be provided for the treatment of ALI.