Background　Acute postoperative pain management is still unsatisfactory， how to prevent the acute pain changing into chronic pain remains to be a clinical problem to solved.　Objective　To discuss the advanced progress of how does the acute pain changed into chronic pain for the rational use of drugs in postoperative pain management， and reduce the incidence of chronic pain.　Content　Mechanisms， contributing factors， treatment and prevention methods are discussed and updated in this review.　Trend　Further research into the mechanisms of acute postoperative pain changed into chronic pain must being carry out in order to find a clear and effective method to prevention of acute postoperative pain changed into chronic pain.