【Abstract】Objective: To systematically review the efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and droperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia.Methods: we searched the PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,Wanfang Database,C-NKl,VIPandChinese Biomedical Date-base for all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about the efficacy of -HT3 receptor antagonist versus droperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia．The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration．Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 software．Results : 17RCTs were included in our Meta-analysis.Compared with droperidol, The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist group was lower(P<0.05).There were no significant change was found in the incidence of dizziness ,drowsiness （P >0.05）．However，the incidence of headache in the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist group was higher（P <0.05）.Conclusion : The efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is better than droperidol in in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia.