Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and related factors of perioperative blood management of orthopaedic surgery in preschool children （≤72 months） with congenital scoliosis.　Methods　One hundred and ten congenital scoliosis surgeries in preschool children(≤72 months) which took place in the last two years in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study and the data were analyzed. The t test was used for data analysis between groups, and analysis of variance was repeated for comparison within the group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent predictors of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion.　Results　A total of 91 children（83%） were given packed red blood cells transfusion during the operation. The factors which related to the amount of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion included children's body weight, Cobb angle, fusion segments, operative time, bone resection volume, blood loss volume, preoperative Hb, Hct and Plt. The independent factors included cobb angle, bone resection volume, preoperative Hb, Hct, Plt. Compared with the children who were not given blood intraoperatively, intraoperative osteotomy rate, blood loss, 24 h postoperative wound drainage and the length of hospital stay were significantly higher in children who received blood transfusion.　Conclusions　Cobb angle, bone resection volume, preoperative Hb, Hct, Plt may be the independent perioperative factors for perioperative assessment of blood transfusion. The blood transfusion requirement does not correlate with age, body weight, fusion segment, operative time. These information will help us make early identification and accurate assessment on perioperative blood transfusion requirement in congenital scoliosis surgeries in preschool children.