国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2015, Issue (4): 4-4
    
舒芬太尼后处理对二尖瓣置换患者心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响
左友梅, 程新琦, 顾尔伟, 鲁显福1()
1.安徽医科大学第一附属医院
Effect of sufentanil postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement
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摘要:

目的 评价主动脉根部灌注舒芬太尼对体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB)下二尖瓣置换患者心肌缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion, I/R)损伤的影响。 方法 择期拟行二尖瓣置换术的风湿性心脏病患者60例,年龄18岁~65岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为2组(每组30例):舒芬太尼后处理组(S组)和对照组(C组)。S组在主动脉开放前5 min经主动脉根部一次性给予舒芬太尼0.2 μg/kg,C组给予同等容积的生理盐水。于麻醉诱导前(基础状态),主动脉开放后4、8、24 h和48 h,采集右颈内静脉血样,测定心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I, cTnI)的浓度和肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB, CK-MB)的活性。记录两组患者血流动力学变化及术后呼吸机辅助时间、重症监护室(intensive care unit, ICU)停留时间、术后住院时间以及术后24 h心肌收缩评分等指标。 结果 两组患者的平均动脉压(mean artery pressure, MAP)、心率(heart rate, HR)、中心静脉压(central venous pressure, CVP)、心排血量(cardiac output,CO)和每搏量(stroke volume, SV)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。S组主动脉开放后4、8 h时cTnI [(0.50±0.09)、(0.39±0.08) μg/L]浓度及CK-MB[(63±7)、(61±7) U/L]活性较C组[(0.70±0.11)、(0.50±0.10) μg/L,(83±10)、(75±7) U/L]明显降低(P<0.05)。S组术后呼吸辅助时间[(12±4) h]、ICU停留时间[(34±11) h]和术后住院时间[(10±3) d]较C组[(14±4) h、(44±14) h、(13±4) d]明显缩短(P<0.05),且术后24 h心肌收缩评分[(7.6±2.8) μg·kg-1·min-1 ]也较C组[(10.3±3.9) μg·kg-1·min-1]明显降低(P<0.05)。 结论 主动脉根部灌注舒芬太尼可减轻CPB下二尖瓣置换患者心肌I/R损伤,其机制有待进一步探讨。

关键词: 心肌保护; 心脏手术; 舒芬太尼; 后处理; 缺血; 再灌注
Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of aortic root infusion of sufentanil on ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. Methods Sixty adult patients (ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ, NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ) of both sexes aged 18 y-65 y undergoing mitral valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=30): control group (group C) and sufentanil postconditioning group (group S). The patients received a bolus infusion of sufentanil(0.2 μg/kg) 5 min before aortic unclamping in group S, while the patients received equal volume of normal saline in group C. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma concentration of cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and activity of creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB) before induction of anesthesia(baseline) and at 4,8,24 h and 48 h after aortic unclamping. The hemodynamic parameters and duration of mechanical ventilation, lengths of intensive care unit (ICU) and postoperative hospital stay, the first 24 h postoperative inotropic score were recorded in both groups. Results Parameters of mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) were similar in both groups. The postoperative cTnI [(0.50±0.09),(0.39±0.08) μg/L] and CK-MB [(63±7), (61±7) U/L] release at 4, 8 h after aortic unclamping were lower in the sufentanil postconditioning patients compared with the group C [(0.70±0.11), (0.50±0.10) μg/L and (83±10),(75±7) U/L](P<0.05). Sufentanil postconditioned patients had shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(12±4) h], length of ICU stay [(34±11) h] as well as postoperative hospital stay [(10±3) d] as compared to the group C [(14±4) h, (44±14) h,(13±4) d](P<0.05). The required inotropes were reduced in postconditioning group[(7.6±2.8) μg·kg-1·min-1] compared with the group C [(10.3±3.9) μg·kg-1·min-1] (P<0.05). Conclusions Aortic root infusion of sufentanil can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with CPB, but its mechanism remains to be study.

Key words: Myocardial protection; Cardiac surgery; Sufentanil; Postconditioning; Ischemia; Reperfusion