Background　Although the incidence of intraoperative penile erection is low， it can seriously affect the operation， especially in the urethral endoscopic surgery. Recently， the clinical research about the treatment and prevention of intraoperative penile erection has increased.　Objective　To review the clinical researches about treatment and prevention on intraoperative penile erection.　Content　The mechanism， treatment and prevention of penile erection in the operation of the penis were systematically clarified.　Trend　Many methods can be used in the treatment and prevention of intraoperative penile erection.