Background　Dexmedetomidine（Dex） is a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist， with the property of sedation， analgesia， inhibition of central sympathetic outflow， and widely used during the operation and in the intensive care unit（ICU）. It has been demonstrated that Dex has protective effect on the heart， kidney brain and so on.　Objective　Inducive Dex for protection mechanism of each organ.　Content　Dex can protect affected organs against ischemia/reperfusion injury， at the same time， it can also induce protection through the anti-inflammatory， reduce stress produced by the stimulation to the body.　Trend　The clear mechanism regarding organ protection by Dex still needs further research and exploration.