Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To evaluate the application of ultrasound guided internal jugular vein catheterization in the process of deep vein puncture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis（AS） after anesthesia induction.　Methods　Twenty AS patients scheduled for an elective pedicle subtraction osteotomy were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive the right internal jugular vein catheterization using either ultrasound-guided technique （group C， n=10） or traditional surface marker localization（group M， n=10）. One-time pun-cture success rate， number of punctures， duration of the procedure， total success rate and incidence of complication rate were compared between these two groups.　Results　The result of group M was extremely low， success rate at one-time puncture was（20%）， several punctures（≥3）， high failure rate（40%）， high rate of arterial damage related complication（30%） and local hematoma（20%）. Group C had higher success rate（70%） at one-time puncture， fewer repetitive punctures （＜3）， 100% success rate， lower complication rate due to artery damage（0%） and local hematoma（10%）. Compared with group M， there were statistical differences at the four aspects of one-time success rate， number of repeated punctures， total success and complication of artery damage（P＜0.05）.　Conclusions　The application of ultrasound guided internal jugular vein catheterization in patients with AS has superior results， higher one-time success rate， fewer times of punctures， shorter time required for the procedure and 100% success rate.