Background S(+)-Ketamine has been wildly used in Europe, which provides higher potency, better controlled, and less adverse effects as compared to the racemic mixture. Objective This article reviews the pharmacology and current clinical researches of S(+)-Ketamine in order to provide a reference for its clinical application. Content S(+)-Ketamine provides higher potency, better controlled, and less adverse effects as compared to the racemic mixture. Small-dose S(+)-Ketamine used in perioperative period can prolong analgesic time, reduce postoperative analgesic need, and improve analgesia quality. Trend S(+)-Ketamine is likely to replace the racemic mixture in some clinical uses.