Background　It is well known that female hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. The presence of receptors for these hormones on the whole body may affect variations in physiological functions during menstrual cycle.　Objective　The primary objective of this review is to summarize the effects of the fluctuant female hormones on anesthesia.　Content　This review discussed the differences on respiratory system, autonomic nerves system, coagulation, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) and the doses of anesthetic drugs of different menstrual phases.　Trend　Realizing the differences of physiological functions during the menstrual cycles could provide theory gist to clinical anesthesia work.