Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To explore the correlation between isoflurane anesthesia and neuroinflammation.　Methods　Fifteen female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=5): control group for hot plate tests, anesthesia group for isoflurane anesthesia and hot plate tests, blank group were not conducted with isoflurane anesthesia and hot plate tests. After the hot plate tests, rats of the three groups were sacrificed humanely for brain slice. The toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) expressed in the brain hippocampus was observed by using immunofluorescent double staining. Then, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and TLR2 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.　Results　Compared with control group, the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) of anesthesia group rats was significantly delayed at 2 h [(31±4) s vs (19±3) s] and 24 h [(25±4) s vs (19±4) s] after the treatment, while the PWL was not different from the control at 48 h after the treatment (P>0.05). Moreover, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TLR2 in hippocampus of anaesthetic rats were higher when compared with the control group(P<0.01).　Conclusions　Isoflurane anesthesia induces neuroinflammation and activates TLR2 signaling pathway in rat hippocampus.