Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To investigate the effect of parecoxib sodium on inflammatory mediator and postoperative cognitive dysfunction（POCD） after laparoscopy surgery in elderly patients.　Methods　Eighty ASA patients physical status Ⅰor Ⅱof both sexes， aged over 65 y， weighing 45 kg－70 kg， undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy， were randomly divided into parecoxib sodium（group P， n=40） and control groups （group C， n=40）. The patients in group P were given intravenous parecoxib 40 mg before induction of anesthesia. Ones in group C equal volume normal saline were given instead of parecoxib. Neuropsychological testing was performed with mini-mental state examination（MMSE） on the preoperative day，1th and 3th postoperative day. Venous blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia（T0）， immediately after skin incision （T1）， 30 min after CO2 pneumoperitoneum（T2）， at the end of operation（T3）， the first day of operation（T4）， the third day of operation（T5） for determination of serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor?蛳α（TNF?蛳α） and interleukin-6（IL-6） by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The development of POCD was recorded within 3 days after surgery.　Results　Compared with preoperative 24 h［group C（28.2±1.2）， group P（28.8±1.0）］， the MMSE scores of resting in group C and group P were significantly reduced ［（23.0±2.5）， （25.0±2.8）］（P＜0.05）. The MMSE scores of resting in group Ｐ more than group C［（25.0±2.8） vs （23.0±2.5）］（P＜0.05）, The development of POCD within 72 h less than group C（P＜0.05）. Compared with group C， the serum concentrations of TNF-α［（11.8±1.7）， （13.8±1.3）， （12.3±1.6） ng/L］ and IL-6［（11.8±1.7）， （13.8±1.3）， （12.3±1.6） ng/L］ at T3－T5 were significantly decreased in group P（P＜0.05）. Compared with T0，the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 at T3－T5 were increased in two group（P＜0.05）.　Conclusions　Parecoxib sodium might decrease the development of POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy by inhibition of inflammatory responses.