Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To compare the effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium in patients with diabetes mellitus.　Methods　Sixty patients with diabetes mellitus, ASA Ⅱ and aged 45-64 y, scheduled for elective middle or lower abdominal surgery were included. All patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups(n=20): sevoflurane group (group SD), propofol group(group PD), and desflurane group (group DD). All patients were induced with midazolam, propofol and fentanyl. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion, sevoflurane, or desflurane inhalation, respectively. Neuromuscular function was assessed by accelerography. Train-of-four stimulation(TOF) of ulnar nerve was used. The duration of action and recovery index (for T1 to return from 25% to 75% of the control twitch) were recorded. The T1/T0 and TOF (T4/T1) ratios were recorded at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 min after a single bolus of rocuronium.　Results　There was no significant difference in duration of action and the recovery index between group DD［(61±17), (36±12) min］ and group SD［(60±18), (35±10) min］(P>0.05). The ratios of T1/T0 and TOF were not significantly different in group DD and group SD during 60 min to 120 min after a single bolus of rocuronium(P>0.05).　Conclusions　The effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on rocuronium induced neuromuscular blockade is similar in diabetic patients.