Background　Recent studies showed that functional autoantibodies were found in the blood of complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) patients. Intravenous injection of immunoglobulins can ameliorate the pain response of CRPS patients. Furthermore, injection of the serum from CRPS patients to mouse with mild injury in plantar area can cause CRPS-like symptoms.　Objective　To investigate the possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in mediating the initiation and maintainance of CRPS through reviewing the recent research progress about the roles of autoimmunity in CRPS.　Content　The review mainly summarizes the discovery of autoantibodies in CRPS, the possible mechanism of autoimmunity in CRPS, and autoimmunity-related treatment strategies.　Trend　Autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of CRPS, which will provide new ideas to further elucidate the mechanism of CRPS and new targets to get CRPS cured.