Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on postoperative cognitive function and hippocampus miR-132 expression in aged rats．　Methods　Sixty 18-20 months aged male SD rats，after 5 d' training of Morris water maze, were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=30)，normal control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S). In group S， rats were under 2 % sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 h, once a day for 7 d, while group C was kept in the same anesthesia box for 6 h breathing 1 L/min O2. Morris water maze tests were performed on postanesthesia 6 h， 1， 3 d and 7 d． The escape latency and swimming distance were recorded． After water maze test of each test time point，rats were sacrificed and hippocampus were harvested. Changes of miR-132 expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).　Results　Compared with group C，the escape latency was prolonged, swimming distance of the water maze test was extended, and the expression of hippocampus miR-132 were decreased on postanesthesia 6 h，1 d， 3 d, 7 d(0.41±0.03, 0.43±0.04, 0.51±0.03, 0.62±0.05) in group S (P<0.05)． In group S, compared to postanesthesia 6 h， the escape latency of the water maze test was shortened on postanesthesia 1 d and after days[(69±10)，(61±11)，(43±9) s](P<0.05). The swimming distance of the water maze test[（1 424±198），(1 052±134） cm] was shortened and the expression of hippocampus miR-132 was increased on postanesthesia 3, 7 d(P<0.05). Compared with each time point after anesthesia, the escape latency and swimming distance of the water maze test were extended(P<0.05), and miR-132 expression of hippocampus was increased on postanesthesia 7 d in S group.　Conclusions　Sevoflurane impair cognitive function in aged rats，the mechanism may relate with the decrease expression of miR-132 in hippocampus．