背景 全身麻醉与睡眠都表现为觉醒水平的降低，以及对外界环境刺激反应的抑制，二者具有相似的脑电图和局部脑功能变化。近年研究表明，全身麻醉药通过抑制脑内促觉醒神经核团和/或激活促睡眠神经核团发挥镇静催眠及意识消失作用。 目的 从睡眠觉醒环路的角度综述全身麻醉神经机制的研究进展。 内容 麻醉药诱导的意识消失与自然睡眠觉醒产生的机制并非完全相同，每种麻醉药物作用的靶神经核团也存在一定的差异。 趋向 深入研究睡眠觉醒环路及全身麻醉神经机制，将有助于研发新型安全有效的麻醉剂。
Background Both general anesthesia and naturally occurring sleep have reduced level of arousal and decreased responsiveness to external stimuli. Sleep and anesthesia appear to share the similarities in brain electroencephalogram and regional cerebral metabolism. Recent investigations indicate that general anesthetics exert their hypnotic effects by inhibiting endogenous wake-promoting networks and/or activating sleep-promoting nuclei. Objective This review will focus on the most recent advances regarding the sleep-wake related neuroanatomic systems and the neural mechanism of general anesthesia. Content The mechanisms of general anesthetics induced unconsciousness and natural sleep are not exactly the same. Different general anesthetics can have effects at various points in the sleep-wake circuitry. Trend The progress in sleep-wake circuitry and the neural mechanism of general anesthesia research will contribute to develop new and safe effective anesthetics.
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