背景 高迁移率族蛋白1（high mobility group box protein 1， HMGB1）是一种非组蛋白染色体结合蛋白，进化上高度保守。HMGB1广泛存在于细胞核内，在核内作为DNA分子伴侣，被释放至细胞外将发挥促炎作用。急性肺损伤（acute lung injury, ALI）和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS）是全身性炎症的肺部表现，特征为血管通透性增高致组织水肿、器官功能障碍。越来越多的研究证实细胞外的HMGB1能够通过促进NF?蛳κB核转位和显著增加促炎因子释放引起ALI和致死性的炎症反应。 目的 阐述HMGB1和ALI之间的关系以及HMGB1在治疗ALI中的研究现况，为临床治疗ALI提供新的靶点。 内容 重点回顾有关HMGB1在ALI发病中的作用、HMGB1抑制剂在改善ALI中作用的研究。 趋向 HMGB1抑制剂可以改善ALI结局，在治疗ALI中具有广阔前景。
Background High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone architectural chromosomal protein and extremely conserved across species. HMGB1 is a ubiquitous nuclear protein acting as a DNA chaperone in mammals and plays a vital role in inflammatory diseases once released from cells. Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are complex inflammatory syndromes characterized by increased vascular permeability resulting in tissue edema and organ dysfunction. Increasing studies have shown that extracellular HMGB1 can trigger ALI and a lethal inflammatory process by inducing nuclear translocation of NF-κB and significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines. Objective The relationship between HMGB1 and ALI and the effects of HMGB1 inhibitors in ameliorating ALI will be clarified in order to find a new therapy target. Content In this review, the available literatures about the role of HMGB1 in ALI and the effects of HMGB1 in ameliorating ALI were discussed. Trend There is protective effect of HMGB1 inhibitors in ALI, making it a promising target in the treatment of ALI.
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