Background　Double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) is the most common method for one-lung ventilation. Tracheobronchial rupture resulting from DLT is rare but may be life-threatening.　Objective　To improve the diagnosis and therapeutic level of tracheobronchial rupture caused by DLT.　Content　The study reviews the causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tracheobronchial rupture caused by DLT.　Trend　Anesthesiologist must be alerted to the possibility for tracheobronchial rupture in patients with DLT. The patients ought to be treated with correct techniques once diagnosis is confirmed. Mortality could be reduced through timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.